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Amelia Santos Paulino - Inversión con propósito: desarrollo, equidad y datos con impacto
El capital volvió a moverse, pero no a todas partes por igual. Conversamos con Amelia Santos Paulino sobre qué cambios prácticos pueden convertir la inversión en una palanca real de desarrollo. Desde reglas claras hasta capacidades locales, abrimos la caja de herramientas que hace la diferencia entre promesas y proyectos que sí se ejecutan.
Nos adentramos en el contraste entre comercio e inversión: la OMC ofrece reglas y arbitraje más definidos, mientras que miles de tratados bilaterales de inversión aún arrastran cláusulas antiguas que incentivan litigios y desalinean objetivos sociales y ambientales. Proponemos una actualización que incluya estándares ambientales obligatorios, salvaguardas laborales, transparencia y prevención de disputas. Bien negociados, los acuerdos pueden bajar el costo de capital, atraer tecnología y proteger a los más vulnerables; mal diseñados, perpetúan asimetrías y frenan la innovación en los países que más la necesitan.
La transición energética aparece como punto de inflexión. Hablamos de coinversión público-privada, banca de desarrollo y garantías para reducir riesgos en agua y energía, y de cómo el talento local, las universidades y las comunidades elevan la legitimidad social y la eficiencia técnica. Integramos un enfoque de género con evidencia sobre productividad y cultura organizacional, y exploramos cómo la digitalización, desde plataformas tributarias hasta conectividad en zonas apartadas, puede ampliar la participación económica. Miramos hacia adelante con herramientas como IoT para estadísticas, simulaciones multi-actor e inteligencia artificial para priorizar carteras, siempre con un principio rector: transparencia y cooperación para que cada dólar invertido deje huella social y retorno sostenible.
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The thing is that the inversion has recuperated in comparison with what were the tendencies of the crisis financier global 2007-2008. The inversion in comparison with the commercial global, in comparison with the product global. But what I preoculture is the thing about the research in the inversion in the sectors relation to the objectives of design sustainable.
SPEAKER_01:You fucked one of the Dominican that I connected when I was a pleasure to conversate with you. And for those who have the privilege of conversation, present and how I to Swiss.
SPEAKER_03:Much introduced my academic professional. My great passion is the economic. But I had an interest for the macro, and I had the honor of conversation for entering the bank as an economist, and I started with my students of license of economic. But my point, my career in Republican Dominican, Minister of Education, I was in Bank Central. I work the complementary between the political commercial and the attraction of inversion. My first position was academic, what we say in academia tenure track at the University of Sussex, the Institute of Investigation and Design Economic, which I formed many economists. And for questions of destination, I saw the Republican Dominican license sabbatical for contribution to the negotiations of the libre commercial, DRK. I think it was a laboratory of apprentices. I entered by competence, for six years, lider projects of investigation more interessant, for example, how the economies are emerging like China, India, and South Africa, and Brazil contributed to a requilibration what is the economy global. And I was my races are very important in what I know. And I prefer the reality of the insular Islands.
SPEAKER_01:And the passion has been to those.
SPEAKER_03:No, the orgasm is me, because you are in Inglaterra and your passion and dedication and talking about a thing, comment with what is the prophet intellectual and actual like the intelligence artificial.
SPEAKER_01:And now we're talking about the preguntation of material. Amelia, you work with grandflugs of inversion and data complex, but also with a focus on the design.
SPEAKER_03:If we are at this point, the 80% of the inversion extrangere in the economy digital is a 10 países. So there's disability regional, disability sector, and this, when we study, there are, for example, what is the impact in the world, or the people as leaders, how are we contribution in certain sectors, in certain places. And it's the reality, the difference between the objectives of design and what was the agenda of reduction of the power. The inversion is an instrument redistributive because they train recurs that no tiens. Sabemos que the pain in design, the mayor, don't have the capacity of general recursive internal. Se hace al principio y son más riesgosos porque muchas veces están protegidas por la legislación nacional o son recursos escasos o recursos protegidos. Entonces ahí es que viene la complejidad de lo que es la política nacional y la política internacional. Recuerda que la inversión no tiene una casa como la Organización Mundial del Comercio. Andrew is más peligroso, pero podemos volver a este tema. El punto es que los inversionistas cancer un market macroeconomically establecido in the pain where they invierten, no tener, verlo, porque it's a process exogen to else. You have cases where they have the recursion natural, but no one are the engineers, the economists who can live, design, implement the project of inversion.
SPEAKER_01:Okay. Dirigtion that alimentable World Investment Report.
SPEAKER_03:The thing is that the inversion has recuperated in comparison with what were the tendencies of the crisis financier global 2007-2008. The inversion was in comparison with the commercial global, in comparison with the product global. But what I prefer is the thing about the research and the inversion in the sectors related to the objective of sustainable. Está más lejos mayor. Los recursos que se necesitan para alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible son más. Entonces, aquí hay dos temas. Uno es que las necesidades han aumentado, han aumentado por los cambios climáticos, por las guerras, por los conflictos bélicos, andient that not attained. And this is a circle at the point initial. The adaptation climatic in matters of legislation is very complex, and many have much complex structural to receive inversion in those sectors. So we have to know how it is more difficult the task of return for the investionists. And I think you said what I should do is that we have the notifications that are not really in the design, Texas. The infrastructure is basically and today there are much more in matters of mobilization of capital and responsibility global. There's to repensate the architecture financially international to make the process more viable.
SPEAKER_01:Because it will start in those parties.
SPEAKER_03:For one later, we have a breach of inversion, and for another line, we have a capital and boom. There are various. And a conflicto bélic would destroy and de construction.
SPEAKER_01:Claro, totally. But some things that we have to start prepared.
SPEAKER_03:And we've got that sector económic no sufrieron tanto in países desarrollados in comparación con los países en desarrollo, la flexibilidad fiscal. Pero igual eso no equivale a que hay un desarrollo o ya llegaste al frontera.
SPEAKER_01:El límite es el cielo y el cielo no tiene límite. ¿Cuál es el papel real de los acuerdos de inversión y comercio en la promoción del desarrollo? ¿Protegen, condicionan o permiten?
SPEAKER_03:Excelente pregunta, pero me gustaría dividirla en dos: los acuerdos comerciales y los acuerdos de inversión. Como comenté anteriormente, los acuerdos comerciales están regladados y tienen el organismo regulador que es la Organización Mundial de Comercio. Aquí los países se sometan a reglas, there are processes of solution of differences, aunque those not marching actually. There regards that the países ahead and are. The inversion no. The inversion regulates at what are the political national inversion, or what are the accords international or international or according to bilateral of inversion. Clark that protect the capital, clear that condition the political, and if they negotiate, they are an instrument to help the pain in the room. But what in an university of more than 3,000 accords, international, bilateral of inversion, the many are of generation antiguas. And this has connected to a great number of litigious and the inversionists. These are accords between inversionists and the majority of the litigious perjudices in design. In UNTA, we have a lider in this appearing to transform the antiguous, the tratam of view and new generation. Then we include more in processes regionales, for example, in the According Continental Regional de Africa, we have apoyed for that sean not only the capital of inversion in the tratam of libre commercial, but also the accord that the pain firm. Oh Dios means that. And the existier era aspiracional, no era binding. Era una promesa, sí, solamente para cotejar una. Entonces, si comparamos con los acuerdos de comercio que tienen capítulo de inversión, capítulo de medio ambiente, capítulo de. Igual aquí no es fácil tener un mecanismo para identificar mecanismos de protección, por ejemplo, para grupos vulnerables y demás. Pero sí está comprobado in the literature that if these acuerdos se negocian bien, tanto de comercio como de inversión, son un instrumento de desarrollo, porque tú estás in un mundo complejo con reglas, because recuerda que tienes que dar tu tratamiento, siguiendo las reglas de la OMC, there are muchas violaciones. Entonces, un instrumento that is an instrument of redistribution entre the países firm, entre the society, and not the destruction of the commercial.
SPEAKER_01:And I don't know if you're probably seeing because it invirts in a mother, it multiplicates more.
SPEAKER_03:Exactly. And the point is the mentality inclusive, not only in the decisions gerencial, but also the capital productive. The OMC, the Centre de Comercio International, have studies about this, the effecto multiplicador de la mujer como comunidad productiva. Sí, es hermoso.
SPEAKER_01:Nosotros creamos una selva de una matita. Totalmente, totalmente. La inversión in transición energética is clave, que ya hemos hablado in vario. Pero, ¿cómo evitar que ese boom verde genere nuevas desigualdades?
SPEAKER_03:Es una realidad, and there are various acá. Uno es lo que es la infraestructura básica y el acceso a energia. Estamos hablando de una transición energética, de lo que los países se han comprometido a través de la Conferencia de las Party, a una transición energética, un equilibrio, ya sea para 2025, 2030, 2050. Sin embargo, tenemos que recordar que hay muchos países que no tienen acceso básico a la energía, no tienen infraestructura básica. Entonces, aquí lo que es una limitation se puede convertir in una opportunity para lo que sería un lipfrog, un brinco toque a energy limpia. But it necessites recursive, as I said anterior. Other things is the exploitation of the recursos básicos, asigualdad in the access to the technology and the access to the recursos perpetuate designs existing. But it's a vehicle if we have the pain in design to conversation in the mesa of negotiation with an inversionista or a bank regional who prove the capacity technique that felt in the pace. For example, when we see the studio of the transient energetic and the inversion, we have that if there is a participation of the study, because recuerda that much are public, the energy, the agua, some public. If we have a participation of the study, we have the participation of the sector private, a bank regional or the bank, or the initiative of a pain like China, the Ruta of the Seda and the other, this would reduce the cost of the capital of the pain at 40%. And it's a thing that we have to track at the mesa because it has demonstrated that if it has a form that benefits the parties involved, beneficial to the pace in defense. Recently, we have various ministers of the mediocre, including the Republic Dominicana, and the conversation with the community is important because you will cambiar a form of being. After it subestimes the quality of the recursive technical local, it's an error. And it's real, for example, for dark events. And also all the sovereign people with people, with professors of the university, trying to enter what is the reality and what will affect every member of the Republic Dominicana. But this is for beneficial individual is a great mito, because when you are here in dormio, various noches, what you say is how my país, why the leaders of turn would take the cara to the pace, that the pain perfect in matter economic, in matter social, in matter. But you are economista, very pragmatically, and the accordance commercial are necessary to organization the commercial. And as regards, the form in which we are and evolution. And for example, in the condition actually trying to rescind the reglass, it manties the pacifier, a fina lecture of all the implications, because the política comercial is solamente un arancel.
SPEAKER_01:Seguimos siendo subrepresentados orescuchadas?
SPEAKER_03:Las dos. Pero no solamente in the political inversion. Las mujeres in the economy are a minority. In the economy, in the academia, we are a group minority. But as we discussed anterior, it has demonstrated that the mujeres are measures, and more inclusive. And it doesn't say that noulas. And the person who was alone of me had a cellular and said, I was in Google because I'm in this panel. No. In the middle of the panel. When I saw the escalator and all the photos of all the homes. And I think that the people can have a tour of their ego. In terms of liderism, Ginebra is the exception. But in matters of inversion, it is a thing important because they have studied much the thing about how the roles and how the norms condition. For example, in the studies that we've had in societies with norms cultural, for example, with certain religions. We have colleagues of the Bank Mundial. If you had a member in a gerential, there was more employee of the people because they went more comfortable to work with this. In the case of Costa Rica, for example, if a student, if a man who travels in a multinational, no penalizes when you go to the sector national to work. So you try this conventional multinational and garantizes anything. In many ways, the sector local pages are the sector multinational. One thing that we're that if the origin of the multinacional does compensay, what they say incentives to the empresa to comporten in the pace that ellos invierted, why else they comported in the pace of origin. Inviertes in Brazil. The responsibility of the matrix of the inversion, incentives, because there are much violations of the normal labor, of the normas social in the pays that they invierten.
SPEAKER_01:And you know, after the carried of a mujer when there is hijab, and much recupera. And this depends on the political that exists in the país that seems to be the niche. And you can go to the world that you have to do.
SPEAKER_03:But for example, that's what we have tried to study cup of study. And an study in Africa, in zonas francas, and you learn a loss, and it was important to have a political manual of desperities, of a ultimate, when she said the preguntable, the ultimate priority was if there was a guarder, a crush, or if there was a license of maternity. This was the ultimate priority in the list. And these are an area where you think we have a contribution in the UN of no, I mean there's different sectors, the sector manufacturer in families that depend on the manufacturer, and that the three parts of the order. The technology, for example, during COVID, there are economies where the members, for things religious, no, no, and the idea of a platform digital audit that they have processes, the impost. Or example who have zones montagnos very left, that don't display the PYME or the government central in this province have platforms digital that would communicate with the government central. But not taking a computation connect to your matrix, or to pay your impost, or pay the electricity of your negotiation in line has a difference. No, because there are places that the home don't have a file with the homes. They don't have the social that in other economies. And the relation between the sector public, the sector private, the universities, is something that you have in Finlandia, the engineers, the street between universities and the systems of innovative. I was regressing from a conference international organization, the one of the Academy of Negocios International, and we have a panel of cómo puedes relation the investigation with the political public. And when this is the man with the government, it's a situation-ganador, win-win. I was in my ONU, which was a travel of the Institute of the ONU, the UNU Wider. In UNTAT, for example, I did a project on how to integrate the political commercial in the plans of disorder. And the principal and the fine, the design and the implementation, we had the ministers, with the academia, and we co-created a product with a mechanism of coordination where the academic sentence in the ministry and design dates. So it's a co-creation, it's an ecosystem of connectivity that we need. And they need those. For example, for my information, I'm the Union of Telecomunicaciones International, so the co-creation is important. The mediocre commercial and inversion with the OMC, the ITC. So the collaboration is important. And the pain with large indices of innovation have demonstrated, like Finlandia, Estonia, Irlanda, that incorporate the academia and what are the processes of innovation and what are parks of innovation, systems of innovation is very important.
SPEAKER_01:Because there's all that for the exit.
SPEAKER_03:And for entrenchment, for example, one of the recommendations of the political in the packet of my information on gender is the collaboration between empresas and the sector public for the formation and universities. But we beneficial to collaboration.
SPEAKER_01:Tienes que elegir una de las opciones que te voy a dar. Puedes elegir ambas o ninguna. Si quieres justifica, si no no. Lista. Lista. ¿Crecimiento rápido o crecimiento justo? Justo. ¿Modelo económico global o estrategia nacional?
SPEAKER_03:Estrategia nacional que complementa el global. Ambos. Ambos. ¿Política comercial o política fiscal?
SPEAKER_01:Ambas son ciemesas. Ok. No se puede vivir sinversión pública transformadora o capital privado con condiciones. Ambas. Totalmente. Pobreza medida o pobreza percibida. Pobreza medida. Ok. ¿Negociadora técnica o voz política firme? Ambas. Tasa de retorno o huella social.
SPEAKER_03:Tú necesitas tasa de retorno para tener huella social.
SPEAKER_01:Una no existe sin la otra. Inversión verde o inversión social. Ambas. Otra hacia mesa. Otra hacia mesa. Finalmente, desarrollo lento pero sólido o rápido pero desigual. Desarrollo lento, sólido y durable. Bien, ahora vamos con el verdadero futurista. Toma aquí la paleta. Vamos a jugar el paddle. Está inspirado en eso. Se supone que una es de ping pong. Sí, sí. Y yo le puse la personalización. El naranja, o bueno, en dominicano, el mame, es verdadero, que quiere decir que es algo que ya está pasando, que es la realidad. El azul es futurista, que quiere decir que es algo que va a pasar en el futuro, o puede ser que nunca pase. También puedes decir ambos, lo podemos decir. ¿Lista? Sí. Ok. Habrá cláusulas ambientales obligatorias en todos los tratados de inversión.
SPEAKER_03:Lentamente, pero verdadero.
SPEAKER_01:Las estadísticas oficiales serán generadas parcialmente por sensores de IoT desplegados en el territorio. Verdadero. Las consultas públicas se realizarán por aplicaciones móviles con validación biométrica. Lentamente, pero verdaderamente. Las agendas de inversión serán priorizadas por modelos de inteligencia artificial.
SPEAKER_03:Entre los dos. Entre los dos. Toda la política pública se va a beneficiar de la inteligencia artificial. Totalmente.
SPEAKER_01:Se usarán simulaciones digitales multiactor para validar los escenarios de política fiscal. Verdadero. Verdadero. La regulación del comercio internacional será parcialmente automatizada por contratos inteligentes multilaterales. Verdadero. Todo verdadero. El futuro es ahora. El futuro es ahora. Se eliminarán los PDFs. Uff, esos PDFs. En reportes multilaterales, todo será modular, navegable y explorable. Wishful thinking. Futurista. Me encanta que sea el PDF lo que sea futurista. Las negociaciones de tratados comerciales serán transmitidas por streaming con herramientas de anotación colaborativa.
SPEAKER_04:Futurista.
SPEAKER_01:Me fui mirando.
SPEAKER_03:Ahí sí, no, hay muchos temas delicados acá todavía. Confidenciales. Confidenciales.
SPEAKER_01:Habrá una moneda virtual para las transferencias multilaterales basada en justicia climática. Futurista. Y de último, habrá una plataforma digital multilingüe para que cualquier persona pueda entender un acuerdo comercial.
SPEAKER_03:Existen los acuerdos en los idiomas oficiales, pero una plataforma interactiva es futurista y es bienvenida.
SPEAKER_01:Sí, ¿verdad? Sí, sí, sí. También con los idiomas locales y demás. Bueno, pregunta de cierre. Ahora vamos a la reflexión final. Si tuvieras que escribir una sola recomendación, una línea para quienes diseñan hoy las reglas del sistema de inversión internacional, ¿cuál sería?
SPEAKER_03:Garantizar transparencia, negocio andation between nationales, internationales, publications, and privates. Transparency, cooperation.
SPEAKER_01:Transparency and cooperation. Muchas gracias, Amela. De verdad, it has been a pleasure to have you here. We escuchamos in the episode of Intangible, where the preguntation is an herrame for entertainment this movement that we compartimos.
SPEAKER_00:Gracias por escuchar a Intangibilia, el podcast de Intangible Law. Hablando claro sobre propiedad intelectual. ¿Te gustó lo que hablamos hoy? Por favor, compártelo con tu red. ¿Quieres aprender más sobre la propiedad intelectual? Suscríbete ahora en tu reproductor de podcast favorito. Síguenos en Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn y Twitter. Visita nuestro sitio web www.intangibia.com. Derecho de autor Leticia Caminero 2020. Todos los derechos reservados. Este podcast se proporciona solo con fines informativos y no debe considerarse como un consejo u opinión legal.
